Efficacy of artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) in people living with HIV (PLHIV) diagnosed with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Africa: a WWARN systematic review

Table 4 Comparison of risk of recurrence of parasitaemia in PLHIV on different antiretroviral therapies or not yet on treatment

Study ID	ACT	ART Group 1	ART Group 2	N1	Events1	N2	Events2	Day	Statistics	Type of analysis	Estimate	95%CI	P-value
9	AL	NVP or EFV	LPV/r	86	N/A	84	N/A	63	HR	Univariable	2.44	1.32–4.54	0.004
	AL	NVP or EFV	LPV/r	86	N/A	84	N/A	28	HR	Univariable	3.23	1.47–7.14	0.004
2	AL	NVP	None	125	3	73	4	28	RR	Univariable	0.4	0.29–0.9	0.53
	AL	EFV	None	63	11	73	4	28	RR	Univariable	3.2	2.4–7.8	< 0.001
	AL	EFV	None	63	11	73	4	28	HR	Univariable	19.11	10.5–34.5	< 0.01
	AL	NVP	None	125	3	73	4	28	HR	Univariable	2.44	0.79–7.6	0.53
8	AL	EFV	NVP	102	N/A	410	N/A	28	HR	Multivariable controlled for age	1.76	0.99–3.13	0.06
	AL	NVP	LPV/r	410	N/A	249	N/A	28	HR	Multivariable controlled for age	2.65	1.27–5.26	0.009
	AL or DP	NVP	None	567	N/A	20	N/A	28	HR	Multivariable controlled for age	6.25	0.83–50.0	0.08
11	AL	EFV	LPV/r	50	19	70	10	28	OR	Univariable	3.38	1.01–11.35	0.49
	AL	EFV	LPV/r	50	19	70	10	28	OR	Multivariable	3.74	1.02–13.74	0.04
	AL	EFV	LPV/r	50	19	70	10	28	OR	Multivariable controlled for day 7 lumefantrine concentration	1,77	0.36–8.81	0.48
	AL	NVP	LPV/r	61	19	70	10	28	OR	Univariable	2.68	0.84–8.56	0.1
	AL	NVP	LPV/r	61	19	70	10	28	OR	Multivariable	2.86	0.85–9.60	0.09
	AL	NVP	LPV/r	61	19	70	10	28	OR	Multivariable controlled for day 7 lumefantrine concentration	2.26	0.64–8.05	0.21
	AL	EFV	NVP	50	19	61	19	28	OR	Univariable	1.26	0.5–3.17	0.62
	AL	EFV	NVP	50	19	61	19	28	OR	Multivariable	1.31	0.49–3.51	0.59
	AL	EFV	NVP	50	19	61	19	28	OR	Multivariable controlled for day 7 lumefantrine concentration	0.78	0.32–2.37	0.66
18	DP	EFV	NVP	159^a	8	61	0	42	RD^b	Univariable	5.0%	1.6–8.4	0.074

ACT artemisinin combination therapy, AL artemether-lumefantrine, ART antiretroviral therapy, DP dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine, EFV efavirenz, HR hazard ratio, LPV/r lopinavir/ritonavir, N/A information not available, NVP: nevirapine, OR odds ratio, RR relative risk
^aExcludes 1 early treatment failure
^bRisk difference (RD) calculated from proportions, not provided in the publication. Odds ratio (OR) cannot be calculated due to 0 events in one group

ISSN: 1475-2875