Table 2 Demographic and nutritional characteristics of children under five in Rwanda, DHS 2010, 2014–15, and 2019–20 (N = 10,411)
Variables | 2010 n(%) | 2015 n(%) | 2020 n(%) | 2010–2020 n(%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Asymptomatic Malaria (N) | 3739 | 3237 | 3435 | 10411 |
Negative | 3698 (98.9) | 3169 (97.9) | 3404 (99.1) | 10271 (98.7) |
Positive | 41 (1.1) | 68.0 (2.1) | 31 (0.9) | 140 (1.3) |
Stunting (N) | 4077 | 3538 | 3809 | 11424 |
Normal | 2297 (56.3) | 2214 (62.6) | 2537 (66.6) | 7048 (61.7) |
Stunted | 1780 (43.7) | 1324 (37.4) | 1272 (33.4) | 4376 (38.3) |
Child’s age (N) | 3713 | 3222 | 3376 | 10311 |
0–23 months | 1214 (32.7) | 1171 (36.3) | 1203 (35.6) | 3588 (34.8) |
24–59 months | 2499 (67.3) | 2051 (63.7) | 2173 (64.4) | 6723 (65.2) |
Sex of child (N) | 4133 | 3615 | 3821 | 11569 |
Male | 2082 (50.4) | 1848 (51.1) | 1927 (50.4) | 5857 (50.6) |
Female | 2051 (49.6) | 1767 (48.9) | 1894 (49.6) | 5712 (49.4) |
Residence (N) | 4135 | 3615 | 3821 | 11571 |
Urban | 555 (13.4) | 783 (21.7) | 796 (20.8) | 2134 (18.4) |
Rural | 3580 (86.6) | 2832 (78.3) | 3025 (79.2) | 9437 (81.6) |
Regions (N) | 4133 | 3615 | 3821 | 11569 |
Kigali city | 441 (10.7) | 418 (11.6) | 432 (11.3) | 1291 (11.2) |
South | 1032 (25) | 926 (25.6) | 878 (23) | 2836 (24.5) |
West | 1007 (24.4) | 887 (24.5) | 977 (25.6) | 2871 (24.8) |
North | 657 (15.9) | 496 (13.7) | 611 (16) | 1764 (15.2) |
East | 996 (24.1) | 888 (24.6) | 923 (24.2) | 2807 (24.3) |
Wealth Index (N) | 4135 | 3615 | 3821 | 11,571 |
Poor | 1805 (43.7) | 1643 (45.4) | 1699 (44.5) | 5147 (44.5) |
Rich | 2330 (56.3) | 1972 (54.6) | 2122 (55.5) | 6424 (55.5) |
Mother Education (N) | 4135 | 3615 | 3821 | 11571 |
No Education | 776 (18.8) | 504 (13.9) | 453 (11.9) | 1733 (15.0) |
Primary | 2972 (71.9) | 2605 (72.1) | 2457 (64.3) | 8034 (69.4) |
Sec + High | 387 (9.4) | 506.0 (14.0) | 911 (23.8) | 1804 (15.6) |
Underweight (Weight/Age SD) (N) | 4077 | 3538 | 3811 | 11,426 |
Normal | 3617 (88.7) | 3221 (91.0) | 3524 (92.5) | 10,362 (90.7) |
Underweight | 460 (11.3) | 317 (9.0) | 287 (7.5) | 1064 (9.3) |
Wasting (Weight/Height SD) (N) | 4077 | 3538 | 3809 | 11,424 |
Normal | 3960 (97.1) | 3460 (97.8) | 3764 (98.8) | 11,184 (97.9) |
Wasted | 117 (2.9) | 78 (2.2) | 45 (1.2) | 240 (2.1) |
Anemia (N) | 3733 | 3230 | 3436 | 10,399 |
Anaemic | 1428 (38.3) | 1158 (35.9) | 1257 (36.6) | 3843 (37) |
Not Anaemic | 2305 (61.7) | 2072 (64.1) | 2179 (63.4) | 6556 (63) |