Table 2 Prevalence of Plasmodium parasites detected using RDT, microscopy and qPCR

Overall (n = 4454)

1979/4454 (44.4)

1431/4454 (32.1)

1771/4454 (39.8)

Sex, n (%)

 Female

1089/2643 (41.2)

808/2643 (30.6)

992/2643 (37.5)

 Male

890/1811 (49.1)

623/1811 (34.4)

779/1811 (43.0)

 p-value

 < 0.001

0.007

 < 0.001

Age group (years), n (%)

 < 5

452/835 (54.1)

259/835 (31.0)

335/835 (40.1)

 5–< 15

874/1473 (59.3)

681/1473 (46.2)

794/1473 (53.9)

 ≥ 15

653/2146 (30.4)

491/ 2146 (22.9)

642/2146 (29.9)

 p-value

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Village, n (%)

 Kitoma

440/709 (62.1)

346/709 (48.8)

395/709 (55.7)

 Kitwechenkura

241/769 (31.3)

176/769 (22.9)

259/769 (33.7)

 Nyakabwera

180/1243 (14.5)

116/1243 (9.3)

173/1243 (13.9)

 Rubuga

598/974 (61.4)

401/974 (41.2)

544/974 (55.9)

 Ruko

520/759 (68.5)

392/759 (51.6)

400/759 (52.7)

 p-value

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

History of fever in the past 48 h, n (%)

 Yes

1186/1341 (88.4)

846/1341 (63.1)

1021/1341 (76.1)

 No

793/3113 (25.5)

584/3113 (18.8)

750/3113 (24.1)

 p-value

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Fever at presentation (axillary temp ≥ 37.5 °C), n (%)

 Yes

108/136 (79.4)

93/136 (68.4)

101/136 (74.3)

 No

1871/4318 (43.3)

1338/4318 (31.0)

1670/4318 (38.7)

 p-value

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

History of using AL in the past seven days, n (%)

 Yes

249/258 (96.5)

97/258 (37.6)

165/258 (64.0)

 No

1730/4196 (41.2)

1334/4196 (31.8)

1606/4196 (38.3)

 p-value

 < 0.001

0.053

 < 0.001