Table 2 Factors associated with malaria incidence in cohort children living in the Cove Zagnanado and Ouinhi (CoZO) health area, Benin, 2020–2022

Soil type

Medium fine

Reference

Reference

Fine

0.78 (0.61–1)

0.048

0.54 (0.39–0.75)

p < 0.001

Standard of living

 < 50% HH have a high SL

Reference

Reference

 > 50% HH have a high SL

0.80 (0.62–1.04)

0.094

0.91 (0.70–1.20)

0.516

Study LLIN

Standard-LLIN

Reference

Reference

Py-PPF LLIN

0.81 (0.62–1.07)

0.15

0.77 (0.60–1)

0.048

Py-CFP LLIN

0.54 (0.42–0.70)

p < 0.001

0.56 (0.45–0.71)

p < 0.001

Temperature (°)

0.69 (0.66–0.73)

p < 0.001

0.91 (0.84—0.98)

0.013

Rainfall (mm)

1.14 (1.12–1.15)

p < 0.001

1.09 (1.05–1.12)

P < 0.001

Altitude of Household

1 (1 − 1)

0.6

1 (0.99–1)

P < 0.001