Table 5 Decomposition of Concentration Index for Malaria Prevalence for Under-Five Children in Ghana, 2019
Explanatory variables | Elasticities (SE) | Concentration indices (SE) | Contributions (SE) | Total contributions | Percentage of total contribution |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wealth quintile | |||||
Poorest (Reference) | |||||
 Poorer |  − 0.098 (0.058) * |  − 0.200 (0.023) *** | 0.019 (0.012) |  |  |
 Middle |  − 0.065 (0.045) | 0.217 (0.021) *** |  − 0.014 (0.009) |  |  |
 Richer |  − 0.075 (0.041) * | 0.549 (0.017) *** |  − 0.041 (0.022) * |  − 0.133 | 59.38% |
 Richest |  − 0.114 (0.041) *** | 0.852 (0.008) *** |  − 0.097 (0.035) *** |  |  |
Household Net Ownership | |||||
No (Reference) | |||||
 Yes | 0.129 (0.194) |  − 0.014 (0.005) *** |  − 0.002 (0.003) |  − 0.002 | 0.89% |
Under-Five Net Use | |||||
No (Reference) | |||||
 Yes |  − 0.043 (0.126) |  − 0.094 (0.009) *** | 0.004 (0.012) | 0.004 |  − 1.78% |
NHIS Coverage of child | |||||
No (Reference) | |||||
 Yes |  − 0.084 (0.099) | 0.041 (0.011) *** |  − 0.004 (0.004) |  − 0.004 | 1.78% |
Ethnicity | |||||
Akan (Reference) | |||||
 Ga/Dangme |  − 0.002 (0.009) | 0.485 (0.057) *** |  − 0.001 (0.004) |  |  |
 Ewe |  − 0.018 (0.021) | 0.346 (0.033) *** |  − 0.006 (0.007) |  |  |
 Guan |  − 0.023 (0.009) ** | 0.078 (0.061) |  − 0.002 (0.002) |  |  |
 Mole Dagbani | 0.001 (0.133) |  − 0.219 (0.013) *** |  − 0.000 (0.029) |  − 0.01 | 4.46% |
 Grusi |  − 0.039 (0.017) ** |  − 0.185 (0.055) *** | 0.007 (0.004) * |  |  |
 Gurma | 0.034 (0.021) |  − 0.194 (0.055) *** |  − 0.007 (0.005) |  |  |
 Mande |  − 0.012 (0.004) *** | 0.066 (0.179) |  − 0.001 (0.002) |  |  |
Residence | |||||
Rural (Reference) | |||||
 Urban |  − 0.038 (0.113) |  − 0.243 (0.011) *** | 0.009 (0.028) | 0.009 |  − 4.02% |
Region | |||||
Western (Reference) | |||||
 Central |  − 0.013 (0.008) | 0.346 (0.034) *** |  − 0.005 (0.003) |  |  |
 Greater Accra |  − 0.041 (0.013) *** | 0.782 (0.017) *** |  − 0.032 (0.010) *** |  |  |
 Volta |  − 0.030 (0.025) | 0.171 (0.038) *** |  − 0.005 (0.004) |  |  |
 Eastern |  − 0.059 (0.023) ** | 0.393 (0.034) *** |  − 0.023 (0.009) ** |  |  |
 Ashanti |  − 0.095 (0.033) *** | 0.552 (0.026) *** |  − 0.053 (0.018) *** |  |  |
 Brong Ahafo |  − 0.077 (0.038) ** | 0.148 (0.033) *** |  − 0.011 (0.006) * |  − 0.053 | 23.66% |
 Northern |  − 0.189 (0.080) ** |  − 0.097 (0.026) *** | 0.018 (0.009) * |  |  |
 Upper East |  − 0.008 (0.075) |  − 0.385 (0.032) *** | 0.003 (0.028) |  |  |
 Upper West |  − 0.185 (0.083) ** |  − 0.295 (0.028) *** | 0.055 (0.025) ** |  |  |
Maternal Education | |||||
No Formal education (Reference) | |||||
 Primary education | 0.018 (0.049) |  − 0.099 (0.028) *** |  − 0.002 (0.005) |  |  |
 Secondary education |  − 0.093 (0.077) | 0.218 (0.018) *** |  − 0.020 (0.017) |  − 0.016 | 7.14% |
 Higher education | 0.008 (0.015) | 0.739 (0.032) *** | 0.006 (0.011) |  |  |
Age of Mother | |||||
15–24 years (Reference) | |||||
 25–34 years |  − 0.048 (0.087) | 0.068 (0.015) *** |  − 0.003 (0.006) |  |  |
 35–44 years |  − 0.028 (0.055) |  − 0.033 (0.026) | 0.001 (0.002) |  − 0.006 | 2.68% |
 45–49 years | 0.019 (0.015) |  − 0.226 (0.091) ** |  − 0.004 (0.005) |  |  |
Age of Child | |||||
0–12 months (Reference) | |||||
 13–24 months | 0.163 (0.040) *** | 0.003 (0.028) | 0.000 (0.004) |  |  |
 25–36 months | 0.156 (0.039) *** | 0.037 (0.030) | 0.006 (0.005) |  |  |
 36–48 months | 0.064 (0.034) * |  − 0.025 (0.031) |  − 0.001 (0.002) | 0.004 |  − 1.78% |
 49–59 months | 0.051 (0.031) |  − 0.035 (0.033) |  − 0.001 (0.002) |  |  |
 Explained Contribution |  |  |  |  − 0.207*** | 92.41% |
 Residual |  |  |  − 0.017 (0.014) |  − 0.017 | 7.59% |
 Total |  |  |  |  − 0.224 | 100% |