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Table 4 Differential gene expression in An. gambiae treated with Piper amalago var. amalago or Kalanchoe pinnata compared to the untreated control

From: Evaluating the potential of Kalanchoe pinnata, Piper amalago amalago, and other botanicals as economical insecticidal synergists against Anopheles gambiae

Top 50 differentially expressed genes that were upregulated (|log2 fold change|> 1; FDR-adjusted p < 0.05) by at least one treatment, classified according to Panther

Gene ID

Gene name

Product description

Log2 fold change

P. amalago vs. ethanol only treated

K. pinnata vs. ethanol only treated

RNA metabolism

 AGAP029470

–

SAM domain-containing protein

2.01

2.24

Cytoskeleton

 AGAP007122

–

Tubulin, alpha 1

1.97

2.11

 AGAP003352

–

Stomatin (EPB72)-like 3

1.71

1.85

Metabolite interconversion

 AGAP004383

GSTD10

Glutathione S-transferase delta class 10

4.76

5.09

 AGAP013327

HPX15

Heme peroxidase 15

3.02

3.20

 AGAP008212

CYP6M2

Cytochrome P450

2.89

0.10

 AGAP008209

CYP6M1

Cytochrome P450

2.44

2.74

 AGAP004880

–

l-Lactate dehydrogenase

3.41

3.54

 AGAP011806

–

NADH dehydrogenase 1 beta subcomplex 4

1.39

2.61

 AGAP008213

CYP6M3

Cytochrome P450

2.33

1.67

 AGAP007300

–

Unspecified product

1.90

2.15

 AGAP008218

CYP6Z2

Cytochrome P450

1.98

0.15

 AGAP012388

–

DUF1298 domain-containing protein

1.86

1.97

 AGAP008214

CYP6M4

Cytochrome P450

1.62

1.98

 AGAP012296

CYP9J5

Cytochrome P450

1.92

0.90

Protein modification

 AGAP005125

–

Tripartite motif-containing protein 71

1.77

1.87

Transfer/Carrier

 AGAP000427

–

Vitellogenin receptor

2.45

2.36

Translation

 AGAP007858

–

Lysyl-tRNA synthetase, class II

1.89

2.20

Transport

 AGAP005795

–

Sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporter 1

2.52

2.87

 AGAP008437

ABCC9

ATP-binding cassette transporter family C member 9

2.30

1.41

 AGAP008436

ABCC11

ATP-binding cassette transporter family C member 11

1.86

1.95

 AGAP008738

–

Unspecified product

1.67

1.94

Unclassified

 AGAP028182

–

Ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein

2.90

2.50

 AGAP005987

–

Unspecified product

2.77

2.83

 AGAP007959

–

Unspecified product

2.54

2.76

 AGAP006385

–

Unspecified product

1.46

2.71

 AGAP007650

–

Growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein

1.99

2.68

 AGAP003488

–

Nucleotide exchange factor SIL1

1.71

2.63

 AGAP001610

–

Unspecified product

1.80

2.50

 AGAP006367

–

Unspecified product

2.39

2.30

 AGAP003757

–

Unspecified product

1.84

2.28

 AGAP010658

–

Unspecified product

1.58

2.27

 AGAP007823

–

Unspecified product

1.96

2.22

 AGAP028652

–

Unspecified product

1.86

2.18

 AGAP012443

–

Unspecified product

1.54

2.17

 AGAP028566

–

Unspecified product

2.12

1.99

 AGAP013745

–

HTH OST-type domain-containing protein

1.93

2.09

 AGAP009682

–

Unspecified product

1.72

1.95

 AGAP028655

–

Unspecified product

1.73

2.12

 AGAP028201

–

Unspecified product

1.99

2.08

 AGAP029097

–

Unspecified product

1.75

2.06

 AGAP005253

–

Unspecified product

1.76

2.03

 AGAP013506

UPD3A

JAK/STAT pathway cytokine unpaired 3 variant A

1.69

1.98

 AGAP028541

–

Unspecified product

1.95

1.77

 AGAP011981

–

Unspecified product

1.72

1.94

 AGAP009404

–

N-Acetyllactosaminide beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase

1.94

1.52

 AGAP009656

–

C2H2-type domain-containing protein

1.94

1.52

 AGAP029285

–

Unspecified product

1.42

1.88

 AGAP029766

–

Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase

1.50

1.84

 AGAP006222

–

Glucosyl/glucuronosyl transferase

1.84

0.00

Top 50 differentially expressed genes that were downregulated (|log2 fold change|> 1; FDR-adjusted p < 0.05) by at least one treatment, classified according to Panther

Gene ID

Gene name

Product description

Log2 fold change

P. amalago vs. ethanol only treated

K. pinnata vs. ethanol only treated

Binding

 AGAP001969

–

Polyubiquitin

 − 4.59

 − 5.09

 AGAP029559

CTLMA6

C-type lectin (mannose binding)

 − 4.27

 − 4.25

Catalytic activity

 AGAP001748

–

Chitin synthase

 − 4.11

 − 4.28

 AGAP008295

TRYP2

Trypsin 2

 − 3.62

 − 2.77

 AGAP008290

TRYP6

Trypsin 6

 − 3.31

 − 2.49

 AGAP008293

TRYP7

Trypsin 7

 − 2.87

 − 3.19

 AGAP001594

–

Unspecified product

 − 2.87

 − 3.18

 AGAP008487

–

Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase

 − 3.14

 − 3.00

Structural molecule activity

 AGAP000047

CPR130

Cuticular protein RR-2 family 130

 − 8.08

 − 8.06

 AGAP000820

CPR125

Cuticular protein RR-2 family 125

 − 5.85

 − 6.54

 AGAP000344

CPR127

Cuticular protein RR-1 family 127

 − 4.93

 − 4.91

 AGAP009871

CPR75

Cuticular protein RR-1 family 75

 − 3.40

 − 4.32

 AGAP005456

CPR15

Cuticular protein RR-1 family 15

 − 3.91

 − 3.73

 AGAP006001

CPR26

Cuticular protein RR-1 family 26

 − 2.89

 − 3.66

 AGAP009874

CPR76

Cuticular protein RR-1 family 76

 − 2.95

 − 3.49

Unclassified

 AGAP008449

CPLCG5

Cuticular protein CPLCG family (CPLCG5)

 − 9.09

 − 10.34

 AGAP006147

–

Unspecified product

 − 9.52

 − 9.60

 AGAP008447

CPLCG4

Cuticular protein CPLCG family (CPLCG4)

 − 8.38

 − 9.20

 AGAP006148

CPLCA3

Cuticular protein 3 in CPLCA family

 − 6.56

 − 9.41

 AGAP009759

CPLCP12

Cuticular protein CPLCP12

 − 8.01

 − 7.70

 AGAP007980

CPCFC1

Cuticular protein CPCFC family (CPCFC1)

 − 7.31

 − 7.59

 AGAP006829

CPR59

Cuticular protein RR-1 family 59

 − 6.85

 − 7.38

 AGAP008450

–

Unspecified product

 − 6.37

 − 7.17

 AGAP006149

CPLCX3

Cuticular protein unclassified

 − 5.39

 − 6.92

 AGAP009758

CPLCP11

Cuticular protein CPLCP11

 − 6.39

 − 5.92

 AGAP028680

–

F-box domain-containing protein

 − 4.95

 − 6.31

 AGAP028679

–

Unspecified product

 − 4.84

 − 6.20

 AGAP004135

–

Yellow-e

 − 5.98

 − 5.76

 AGAP029797

–

Unspecified product

 − 4.51

 − 5.66

 AGAP003308

CPAP3-C

Cuticular protein

 − 4.78

 − 4.70

 AGAP004690

CPF3

Cuticular protein 3 from fifty-one aa family

 − 1.92

 − 4.21

 AGAP003582

–

d-Xylulose reductase A

 − 3.00

 − 3.95

 AGAP000745

–

Alanine transaminase

 − 3.35

 − 3.91

 AGAP006434

–

Unspecified product

 − 3.60

 − 3.90

 AGAP011530

–

Collagen, type I/II/III/V/XI/XXIV/XXVII alpha

 − 3.43

 − 3.89

 AGAP008782

–

23.4 kDa salivary protein

 − 3.76

 − 3.58

 AGAP006146

CPLCA2

Cuticular protein 2 in CPLCA family

 − 3.12

 − 3.74

 AGAP006480

–

Unspecified product

 − 3.24

 − 3.72

 AGAP007416

–

MH2 domain-containing protein

 − 3.08

 − 3.58

 AGAP003334

CPLCX2

Cuticular protein unclassified

 − 3.54

 − 3.52

 AGAP008281

D7r4

D7 short form salivary protein

 − 2.60

 − 3.47

 AGAP003261

–

ZP domain-containing protein

 − 3.43

 − 3.48

 AGAP000696

–

Cuticular protein RR-2 family 125

 − 3.26

 − 3.31

 AGAP011930

–

Unspecified product

 − 2.67

 − 3.29

 AGAP000988

CPAP3-A1c

F-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit b

 − 3.25

 − 3.12

 AGAP011937

–

Unspecified product

 − 3.24

 − 3.14

 AGAP006964

–

Pyroglutamyl-peptidase

 − 2.68

 − 3.21

 AGAP006433

–

Unspecified product

 − 2.91

 − 3.16

 AGAP008512

–

NodB homology domain-containing protein

 − 2.82

 − 3.16

 AGAP028135

–

Lipase domain-containing protein

 − 3.07

 − 3.15

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Malaria Journal

ISSN: 1475-2875

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