Evaluating the potential of Kalanchoe pinnata, Piper amalago amalago, and other botanicals as economical insecticidal synergists against Anopheles gambiae

Table 2 Percentage inhibition of Anopheline CYP activity by Jamaican plant extracts at 8.16 µg/ml

Scientific name	Family	Voucher number	Local name	CYP6P9a	CYP6P3	CYP6M2
Bidens pilosa L.	Asteraceae	35366	Spanish Needle	10.43	10.92	11.74
Kalanchoe (Bryophyllum) pinnata (Lam.) Pers.	Crassulaceae	35466	Leaf of Life	12.52	7.34	73.00
Bursera simaruba (L.) Sarg.	Burseraceae	35363	Red Birch	7.93	0.63	a
Cinnamodendron corticosum Miers	Canellaceae	35375	Mountain Cinnamon	19.59	16.13	4.51
Croton linearis Jacq.	Euphorbiaceae	35365	Rock Rosemary	10.63	9.46	38.64
Guazuma ulmifolia Lam.	Malvaceae	35364	Bastard Cedar	24.59	11.84	22.86
Condea (Hyptis) verticillata Jacq.	Lamiaceae	35473	John Charles	65.01	31.07	41.08
Piper amalago var. amalago	Piperaceae	36616	Jointer	73.47	81.31	70.68

Data are expressed as the percentage mean of normal activity from three individual experiments. Control enzyme activity (mean ± SEM) for CYP6P9a, CYP6P3 and CYP6M2 was 0.08 ± 0.01, 0.31 ± 0.05, and 0.80 ± 0.03 abs/min/pmol of CYP, respectively
^aInterference from the extract prevented fluorescence detection

ISSN: 1475-2875