Table 2 Characterization of malaria risk factors among HRPs compared to non-HRP participants
Nomadic pastoralists (N = 38) | Koranic school students (N = 102) | Gold miners (N = 130) | Non-HRP participants (N = 1233) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
Gender | ||||
Male | 29 (76.3) | 88 (86.3) | 102 (78.5) | 666 (54.0) |
Female | 9 (23.7) | 14 (13.7) | 28 (21.5) | 567 (46.0) |
Age group | ||||
0–4 y | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 156 (12.7) |
5–14 y | 7 (18.4) | 75 (73.5) | 15 (11.5) | 437 (35.4) |
15–24 y | 13 (34.2) | 25 (24.5) | 60 (46.2) | 323 (26.2) |
25–49 y | 17 (44.8) | 2 (2.0) | 48 (36.9) | 247 (20.0) |
50 y and more | 1 (2.6) | 0 (0.0) | 7 (5.4) | 70 (5.7) |
Education | ||||
No formal education | 30 (79.0) | 45 (44.1) | 91 (70.0) | 563 (45.7) |
Primary | 7 (18.4) | 22 (21.6) | 28 (21.5) | 312 (25.3) |
Secondary | 0 (0.0) | 7 (6.9) | 6 (4.6) | 134 (10.9) |
University | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.0) | 11 (0.9) |
Koranic school | 1 (2.6) | 20 (19.6) | 1 (0.8) | 26 (2.1) |
Pre-school | 0 (0.0) | 8 (7.8) | 4 (3.1) | 187 (15.2) |
Residence structure | ||||
Traditional permanent | 7 (18.4) | 1 (1.0) | 61 (46.9) | 287 (23.3) |
Modern | 1 (2.6) | 97 (95.1) | 64 (49.2) | 772 (62.6) |
Informal | 30 (79.0) | 4 (3.9) | 5 (3.9) | 174 (14.1) |
Fever in the last 6 months | ||||
Yes | 12 (31.6) | 2 (2.0) | 55 (40.8) | 252 (20.4) |
No | 26 (68.4) | 99 (97.0) | 53 (42.3) | 867 (70.3) |
Don’t know | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.0) | 22 (16.9) | 114 (9.2) |
Sought advice or treatment during last fever episode | ||||
No | 1 (8.3) | 1 (50.0) | 22 (40.0) | 29 (11.5) |
Yes, from formal health sector (health post, centre, hospital) | 10 (83.3) | 1 (50.0) | 30 (54.6) | 195 (77.4) |
Yes, from community services (community health worker, case de santé, mobile outreach team) | 1 (8.3) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (3.6) | 20 (7.9) |
Don’t know/remember | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.8) | 6 (2.4) |
Pharmacy | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.8) |
Traveled in the last month | ||||
No | 21 (55.2) | 98 (96.1) | 127 (97.7) | 1201 (97.4) |
Yes | 17 (44.8) | 4 (3.9) | 3 (2.3) | 32 (2.6) |
Slept outside in the last month | ||||
No | 8 (21.0) | 87 (85.3) | 99 (76.2) | 1005 (81.5) |
Yes | 30 (79.0) | 15 (14.7) | 31 (23.8) | 228 (18.5) |
Weekly hours spent outside between 18 and 6 h in the past month | ||||
No time spent outside | 4 (10.5) | 1 (1.0) | 4 (3.1) | 270 (21.9) |
1–12 h | 9 (23.7) | 28 (27.5) | 95 (73.1) | 583 (47.3) |
13–16 h | 2 (5.3) | 36 (35.3) | 31 (23.8) | 207 (16.8) |
> 16 h | 23 (60.5) | 37 (36.2) | 0 (0.0) | 173 (14.0) |
Structure sprayed last year (IRS) | ||||
No | 33 (86.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 28 (2.3) |
Yes | 5 (13.2) | 0 (0.0) | 10 (7.7) | 502 (40.7) |
Not eligible | 0 (0.0) | 102 (100.0) | 120 (92.3) | 703 (57.0) |
Own at least 1 LLIN | ||||
No | 23 (60.5) | 23 (22.5) | 28 (21.5) | 361 (29.3) |
Yes | 15 (39.5) | 79 (77.5) | 102 (78.5) | 872 (70.7) |
Slept under LLIN last night | ||||
No | 30 (78.9) | 30 (29.4) | 52 (40.0) | 542 (44.0) |
Yes | 8 (21.1) | 72 (70.6) | 78 (60.0) | 691 (56.0) |
Ratio LLIN per person | ||||
Less than 1 LLIN for 2 people | 32 (84.2) | 73 (71.6) | 64 (49.2) | 871 (70.6) |
At least 1 LLIN for 2 people | 6 (15.8) | 29 (28.4) | 66 (50.8) | 362 (29.4) |
Number of people sharing sleeping space | ||||
0–1 | 9 (23.7) | 3 (2.9) | 32 (24.6) | 124 (10.1) |
2–3 | 27 (71.0) | 72 (70.6) | 97 (74.6) | 1057 (85.7) |
> = 4 | 2 (5.3) | 27 (26.5) | 1 (0.8) | 52 (4.2) |
Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) | ||||
Yes | 0 (0.0) | 27 (26.5) | 3 (2.3) | 139 (11.3) |
No | 0 (0.0) | 20 (19.6) | 5 (3.9) | 141 (11.4) |
Not applicable | 38 (100.0) | 55 (53.9) | 122 (93.9) | 953 (77.3) |