Table 2 Primary and secondary outcomes measured for each product tested in the SFS
Outcome | Definition | Associated modes of action |
|---|---|---|
Landing inhibition | Proportion of mosquitoes landing | Protection to user: landing inhibition leads to ‘repellence’ (the mosquito moves away from an otherwise attractive host). This is personal protection [26] |
Immediate Knockdown (KD) | Proportion of mosquitoes incapacitated (unable to stand or fly in a coordinated manner) | ‘Disarming’ of mosquitoes, the temporary incapacitation of the mosquito for one or more days before re-entering the feeding cycle, provides protection to the intervention users and non-users nearby, thus preventing ‘diversion’ to non-users and providing community protection [26] |
Post-exposure blood feeding inhibition* | Out of mosquitoes that were offered a post-exposure blood meal, the number of mosquitoes that immediately blood fed | ‘Feeding inhibition’, the disruption of blood feeding, provides protection to the intervention users, and triggers ‘disarming’ of mosquitoes which in turn prevents ‘diversion’ to non-users and reduces mosquito lifetime reproductive output that will protect intervention users and non-users from malaria; this is community protection [41] |
Mortality at 24 h | Proportion of dead An. minimus mosquitoes captured per treatment | Reduction in mosquito survival (‘death’) will protect intervention users and non-users from malaria; this is community protection [26] |