Table 4 Bivariable analysis of the factors associated with placental malaria infection

Age of the participant

 < 20

1

 20+

7.05 (2.52–19.73)

Marital status

 Non-married

1

 Married

6.15 (1.80–20.97)

Level of education

 < Primary

0.72 (0.25–2.13)

 > Secondary

1

Occupation

 Unemployed

0.28 (0.06–1.26)

 Employed

1

Area of residence

 Rural

0.56 (0.20–1.57)

 Urban

1

Parity

 1–2

0.09 (0.01–0.67)

 3+

1

Timing of ANC

 < 20 weeks

0.90 (0.33–2.48)

 > 20 weeks

1

Number of ANC visits

 < 4

0.73 (0.264–1.20)

 4+

1

Iron supplementation

 Yes

3.71 (1.22–11.25)

 No

1

Malaria during pregnancy

 Yes

0.64 (0.23–1.76)

 No

1

Malaria episodes

 1

0.69 (0.15–2.54)

  > 1

1

Fansidar intake

 Yes

1.60 (0.44–5.86)

 No

1

Doses of Fansidar

 0–2

1.07 (0.39–2.9)

 3+

1

Directly observed therapy (IPT-SP)

 Yes

0.27 (0.06–1.23)

 No

1

Interval of last IPT-SP dose & delivery

 < 2 months

1

 2+ months

1.51 (0.47–4.87)

Indoor spraying

 Yes

1

 No

1.34 (0.42–4.28)

Concomitant antimalarial drug use

 Yes

1

 No

1.02 (0.33–2.89)

Bed net use

 Yes

3.13 (0.84–11.76)

 No

1

Type of net

 LLIN

1

 Ordinary net

1.94 (0.51–7.31)

Duration of bed net use

 < 1 year

1

 > 1 year

0.54 (0.18–1.66)

HIV infection

 Positive

1

 Negative

0.60 (0.08–4.71)