Table 4 Association between housing characteristics and malaria infection

Roofing Ceiling

 Yes

0.58 (0.44–0.76)

0.000

0.66 (0.44–0.99)

0.042

 No

Ref.

–

–

–

Open eaves

 Yes

1.48 (1.16–1.89)

0.002

0.87 (0.61–1.23)

0.430

 No

Ref.

–

–

–

Screened doors

 Yes

0.67 (0.54–0.84)

0.000

0.75 (0.57–0.97)

0.032

 No

Ref.

–

–

–

Screened windows

 Yes

0.63 (0.50–0.81)

0.000

0.75 (0.56–1.03)

0.075

 No

Ref.

–

–

–

Domestic animals in household

 Yes

1.43 (1.12–1.83)

0.004

1.09 (0.83–1.44)

0.520

 No

Ref.

–

–

–

Building material

 Mud

1.46 (1.09–1.96)

0.011

1.08 (0.76–1.54)

0.658

 Bricks

1.28 (0.96–1.70)

0.089

1.30 (0.95–1.79)

0.101

 Cement blocks

Ref.

–

–

–

Roofing Material

 Galvanized roofing sheet

Ref.

–

 Thatch roof

1.66 (0.61–4.52)

0.32

Staying close to stagnant waters

 Yes

1.46 (1.14–1.86)

0.002

1.34 (1.02–1.77)

0.038

 No

Ref.

–

–

–

Staying close to bushes

 Yes

1.29 (1.04–1.60)

0.022

1.04 (0.81–1.33)

0.784

 No

Ref.

–

–

–