Table 1 Study population characteristics

Cluster description

  Number of clusters

70

35

35

  Total population in core and buffer cluster areas at trial commencement

122023

60518

61505

  Mean population in core area of cluster (range)

1461 (894–2397)

1454 (894–1903)

1467 (920–2397)

  Mean size of cluster core in hectares (range)

1435 (66–7570)

1389 (86–7570)

1481 (66–5057)

Baseline cross-sectional survey (March–April 2021) (limited to 70 clusters continuing to trial)

  Mean age, years (95% CI)

27.7 (26.3–28.8)

27.1 (25.4–28.8)

28.2 (26.5–29.9)

  Malaria infection prevalence (95% CI)

51.9% (48.7–55.0)

52.3% (47.7–56.9)

51.5% (46.9–56.1)

Children (age 1–14 years) at cohort enrolment (November 2021 & 2022)

  Proportion of children < 5 years

33.1%; 1489/4494

33.2%; 746/2246

33.1%; 743/2248

  Proportion of female children

51.3%; 2304/4494

51.2%; 1150/2246

51.3%; 1154/2248

  Net use the night before enrolment

55.9%; 2509/4491

57.3%; 1285/2244

54.5%; 1224/2247

  Child’s household received IRS in previous 12 months

30.5%; 1364/4470

28.0%; 626/2236

33.0%; 738/2234

  Net use the previous night or household received IRS

71.5%; 3214/4494

71.3%; 1602/2246

71.7%; 1612/2248

Cross-sectional household survey (March–April 2022 & 2023)

  ITN ownership (at least 1 ITN in the household)

95.2%; 2415/2536

96.5%; 1244/1289

93.9%; 1171/1247

  IRS received in 12 months prior to survey

29.7%; 749/2522

27.7%; 356/1286

31.·8%; 393/1236

  Own at least 1 ITN or household received IRS

96.7%; 2450/2534

97.3%; 1254/1289

96.·1%; 1196/1245

  Proportion of respondents used ITN last night

72.9%; 1849/2535

75.0%; 967/1289

70.·8%; 882/1246

  Proportion of eligible structures at surveyed households with ≥ 2 ATSB

N/A

0%; 0/2429

93.·1%; 2217/2381