Declining genetic polymorphism of the C-terminus Merozoite Surface Protein-1 amidst increased Plasmodium knowlesi transmission in Thailand

Table 2 Neutrality tests and recombination of pkmsp1₄₂

Gene	Year	d_S–d_N	D	D*	F*	Rm
pkmsp1₄₂	Former period (2000–2009)	2.77*	0.131	0.022	0.065	6
	Recent period (2018–2023)	2.43*	1.616	0.682	1.134	2
	Full period	2.64*	0.490	− 0.567	− 0.230	6

d_S–d_N, Z-test for the difference between rates of synonymous substitution (d_S) and nonsynonymous substitution (d_N); D, Tajima’s D test; D*, Fu and Li’s D* value; F*, Fu and Li’s F* value; Rm, minimum number of recombination events; *Values with asterisk indicate statistical significance (p < 0.05)

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