Fig. 4
Haplotypic relationship of parasite population between former and recent period: A. Identification of seventeen unique haplotypes of pkmsp142 from a total of 49 P. knowlesi isolates in Thailand. B. Construction of a haplotype network using the Median-joining algorithm, illustrating the relationship between the 17 haplotypes (H1–H17) of pkmsp142 from the former population (in red) and recent population (in blue). Each circle represents a haplotype, with the size of the circle indicating the haplotype frequency. The distance between circles represents the degree of genetic relatedness, with the number of nucleotide-base changes labeled as hatch marks