The predictive capacity of biomarkers for clinical pulmonary oedema in patients with severe falciparum malaria is low: a prospective observational study

Table 5 Biomarkers at admission among patients with falciparum malaria and healthy individuals

Variables	n	Severe malaria					n	Uncomplicated malaria (n = 50)	n	Healthy individuals (n = 16)	P value^a
Variables	n	Non-CPE patients (n = 45)	n	CPE patients^b (n = 9)	n	All^c (n = 56)	n	Uncomplicated malaria (n = 50)	n	Healthy individuals (n = 16)	P value^a
IL-6, pg/mL	45	192 [89 to 521]	9	287 [77 to 767]	56	193 [87 to 732]	50	53 [15 to 148]	16	2 [2 to 3]	0.880
IL-8, pg/mL	45	65 [32 to 107]	9	190 [60 to 282]	56	66 [31 to 172]	48	23 [13 to 47]	11	10 [6 to 12]	0.232
TNF, pg/mL	45	144 [70 to 222]	9	135 [86 to 241]	56	140 [71 to 245]	49	54 [27 to 77]	11	7 [4 to 30]	0.736
RAGE, pg/mL	45	4312 [2744 to 7509]	9	4569 [3330 to 6496]	56	4514 [2744 to 7345]	50	2603 [2180 to 3332]	16	2585 [2168 to 3149]	0.991
SP-D, pg/mL	45	3323 [962 to 5644]	9	2766 [1478 to 6129]	56	3252 [1313 to 5971]	48	2865 [1427 to 6900]	16	7321 [5740 to 9934]	0.790
CC-16, pg/mL	45	11,299 [7266 to 21128]	9	8796 [7133 to 26947]	56	11,471 [7233 to 21572]	50	6460 [3720 to 10081]	16	12,289 [9445 to 15698]	0.790
KL-6, U/mL	45	17 [10 to 25]	8	21 [14 to 47]	55	18 [10 to 28]	49	18 [12 to 23]	16	24 [17 to 29]	0.253

All data as median [IQR]
The number of patients (n) in each group are 45, 9, 56, 50, and 16, respectively, except where indicated
CPE clinical pulmonary oedema, IL-6 interleukin-6, IL-8 interleukin-8, TNF tumour necrosing factor, sRAGE soluble receptor of advanced glycation end-products, SP-D surfactant protein D, CC16 club cell secretory protein, KL-6 Krebs von den Lungen 6
^aFor comparison between non-CPE patients vs. CPE patients with severe malaria
^bThis group includes patients with severe malaria who developed clinical pulmonary oedema after admission. Two patients who had clinical pulmonary oedema on admission are not included in this group
^cThis group includes two patients who had clinical pulmonary oedema on admission

ISSN: 1475-2875